Implementation of electronic medical records: effect on the provision of preventive services in a pay-for-performance environment.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of electronic medical record (EMR) implementation on preventive services covered by Ontario's pay-for-performance program. DESIGN Prospective double-cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven community-based family physicians. SETTING Toronto, Ont. INTERVENTION Eighteen physicians implemented EMRs, while 9 physicians continued to use paper records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Provision of 4 preventive services affected by pay-for-performance incentives (Papanicolaou tests, screening mammograms, fecal occult blood testing, and influenza vaccinations) in the first 2 years of EMR implementation. RESULTS After adjustment, combined preventive services for the EMR group increased by 0.7%, a smaller increase than that seen in the non-EMR group (P = .55, 95% confidence interval -2.8 to 3.9). CONCLUSION When compared with paper records, EMR implementation had no significant effect on the provision of the 4 preventive services studied.